1. Weiser TG, Regenbogen SE, Thompson KD, Haynes AB, Lipsitz SR, Berry WR, et al. An estimation of the global volume of surgery:a modelling strategy based on available data. Lancet 2008; 372: 139-44.
3. Vlug MS, Wind J, Hollmann MW, Ubbink DT, Cense HA, Engel AF, et al. Laparoscopy in combination with fast track multimodal management is the best perioperative strategy in patients undergoing colonic surgery:a randomized clinical trial (LAFA-study). Ann Surg 2011; 254: 868-75.
5. ERAS Compliance Group. The impact of enhanced recovery protocol compliance on elective colorectal cancer resection:results from an international registry. Ann Surg 2015; 261: 1153-9.
7. Ljungqvist O. Jonathan E. Rhoads lecture 2011:insulin resistance and enhanced recovery after surgery. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2012; 36: 389-98.
8. Fearon KC, Ljungqvist O, Von Meyenfeldt M, Revhaug A, Dejong CH, Lassen K, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery:a consensus review of clinical care for patients undergoing colonic resection. Clin Nutr 2005; 24: 466-77.
9. Lassen K, Soop M, Nygren J, Cox PB, Hendry PO, Spies C, et al. Consensus review of optimal perioperative care in colorectal surgery:enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) group recommendations. Arch Surg 2009; 144: 961-9.
10. Gustafsson UO, Hausel J, Thorell A, Ljungqvist O, Soop M, Nygren J. Adherence to the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol and outcomes after colorectal cancer surgery. Arch Surg 2011; 146: 571-7.
11. Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Schwenk W, Demartines N, Roulin D, Francis N, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colonic surgery:enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations. Clin Nutr 2012; 31: 783-800.
12. Nygren J, Thacker J, Carli F, Fearon KC, Norderval S, Lobo DN, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective rectal/pelvic surgery:enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations. Clin Nutr 2012; 31: 801-16.
13. Lassen K, Coolsen MM, Slim K, Carli F, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Schäfer M, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care for pancreaticoduodenectomy:enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations. Clin Nutr 2012; 31: 817-30.
14. Cerantola Y, Valerio M, Persson B, Jichlinski P, Ljungqvist O, Hubner M, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer:enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations. Clin Nutr 2013; 32: 879-87.
15. Mortensen K, Nilsson M, Slim K, Schäfer M, Mariette C, Braga M, et al. Consensus guidelines for enhanced recovery after gastrectomy:enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations. Br J Surg 2014; 101: 1209-29.
16. Nelson G, Altman AD, Nick A, Meyer LA, Ramirez PT, Achtari C, et al. Guidelines for pre- and intra-operative care in gynecologic/oncology surgery:enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations--Part I. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 140: 313-22.
22. Dort JC, Farwell DG, Findlay M, Huber GF, Kerr P, Shea-Budgell MA, et al. Optimal perioperative care in major head and neck cancer surgery with free flap reconstruction:a consensus review and recommendations from the enhanced recovery after surgery society. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 143: 292-303.
23. Temple-Oberle C, Shea-Budgell MA, Tan M, Semple JL, Schrag C, Barreto M, et al. Consensus review of optimal perioperative care in breast reconstruction:enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) society recommendations. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 139: 1056-71e.
24. Ljungqvist O, Scott M, Fearon KC. Enhanced recovery after surgery:a review. JAMA Surg 2017; 152: 292-8.
25. Engelman RM, Rousou JA, Flack JE 3rd, Deaton DW, Humphrey CB, Ellison LH, et al. Fast-track recovery of the coronary bypass patient. Ann Thorac Surg 1994; 58: 1742-6.
26. Bardram L, Funch-Jensen P, Jensen P, Crawford ME, Kehlet H. Recovery after laparoscopic colonic surgery with epidural analgesia, and early oral nutrition and mobilisation. Lancet 1995; 345: 763-4.
28. van der Hulst RR, van Kreel BK, von Meyenfeldt MF, Brummer RJ, Arends JW, Deutz NE, et al. Glutamine and the preservation of gut integrity. Lancet 1993; 341: 1363-5.
30. Nygren J, Hausel J, Kehlet H, Revhaug A, Lassen K, Dejong C, et al. A comparison in five European centres of case mix, clinical management and outcomes following either conventional or fast-track perioperative care in colorectal surgery. Clin Nutr 2005; 24: 455-61.
32. Maltby JR. Fasting from midnight--the history behind the dogma. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2006; 20: 363-78.
33. Brady M, Kinn S, Stuart P. Preoperative fasting for adults to prevent perioperative complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003; (4): CD004423.
34. Hausel J, Nygren J, Lagerkranser M, Hellström PM, Hammarqvist F, Almström C, et al. A carbohydrate-rich drink reduces preoperative discomfort in elective surgery patients. Anesth Analg 2001; 93: 1344-50.
35. Nygren J, Soop M, Thorell A, Efendic S, Nair KS, Ljungqvist O. Preoperative oral carbohydrate administration reduces postoperative insulin resistance. Clin Nutr 1998; 17: 65-71.
36. Ljungqvist O. Modulating postoperative insulin resistance by preoperative carbohydrate loading. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2009; 23: 401-9.
38. Güenaga KF, Matos D, Wille-Jørgensen P. Mechanical bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; (9): CD001544.
39. Kennedy GD, Heise C, Rajamanickam V, Harms B, Foley EF. Laparoscopy decreases postoperative complication rates after abdominal colectomy:results from the national surgical quality improvement program. Ann Surg 2009; 249: 596-601.
40. Nelson H, Sargent DJ, Wieand HS, Fleshman J, Anvari M, et al. Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy Study Group. A comparison of laparoscopically assisted and open colectomy for colon cancer. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 2050-9.
41. Avidan MS, Jacobsohn E, Glick D, Burnside BA, Zhang L, Villafranca A, et al. Prevention of intraoperative awareness in a high-risk surgical population. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 591-600.
42. Monk TG, Saini V, Weldon BC, Sigl JC. Anesthetic management and one-year mortality after noncardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 2005; 100: 4-10.
48. Hübner M, Lovely JK, Huebner M, Slettedahl SW, Jacob AK, Larson DW. Intrathecal analgesia and restrictive perioperative fluid management within enhanced recovery pathway:hemodynamic implications. J Am Coll Surg 2013; 216: 1124-34.
50. Esnaola NF, Cole DJ. Perioperative normothermia during major surgery:is it important? Adv Surg 2011; 45: 249-63.
52. Wick EC, Grant MC, Wu CL. Postoperative multimodal analgesia pain management with nonopioid analgesics and techniques:a review. JAMA Surg 2017; 152: 691-7.
53. Veenhof AA, Vlug MS, van der Pas MH, Sietses C, van der Peet DL, de Lange-de Klerk ES, et al. Surgical stress response and postoperative immune function after laparoscopy or open surgery with fast track or standard perioperative care:a randomized trial. Ann Surg 2012; 255: 216-21.
56. Hübner M, Blanc C, Roulin D, Winiker M, Gander S, Demartines N. Randomized clinical trial on epidural versus patient-controlled analgesia for laparoscopic colorectal surgery within an enhanced recovery pathway. Ann Surg 2015; 261: 648-53.
57. Gobble RM, Hoang HL, Kachniarz B, Orgill DP. Ketorolac does not increase perioperative bleeding:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Plast Reconstr Surg 2014; 133: 741-55.
60. Chan MK, Law WL. Use of chewing gum in reducing postoperative ileus after elective colorectal resection:a systematic review. Dis Colon Rectum 2007; 50: 2149-57.
61. Hansen CT, Sørensen M, Møller C, Ottesen B, Kehlet H. Effect of laxatives on gastrointestinal functional recovery in fast-track hysterectomy:a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196: 311.e1-7.
62. Delaney CP, Wolff BG, Viscusi ER, Senagore AJ, Fort JG, Du W, et al. Alvimopan, for postoperative ileus following bowel resection:a pooled analysis of phase III studies. Ann Surg 2007; 245: 355-63.
63. Umpierrez GE, Isaacs SD, Bazargan N, You X, Thaler LM, Kitabchi AE. Hyperglycemia:an independent marker of in-hospital mortality in patients with undiagnosed diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 978-82.
64. Ata A, Lee J, Bestle SL, Desemone J, Stain SC. Postoperative hyperglycemia and surgical site infection in general surgery patients. Arch Surg 2010; 145: 858-64.
65. Eshuis WJ, Hermanides J, van Dalen JW, van Samkar G, Busch OR, van Gulik TM, et al. Early postoperative hyperglycemia is associated with postoperative complications after pancreatoduodenectomy. Ann Surg 2011; 253: 739-44.
66. NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators. Finfer S, Chittock DR, Su SY, Blair D, Foster D, et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 1283-97.
67. Henriksen MG, Jensen MB, Hansen HV, Jespersen TW, Hessov I. Enforced mobilization, early oral feeding, and balanced analgesia improve convalescence after colorectal surgery. Nutrition 2002; 18: 147-52.
69. Convertino VA. Cardiovascular consequences of bed rest:effect on maximal oxygen uptake. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997; 29: 191-6.
72. Pearsall EA, Meghji Z, Pitzul KB, Aarts MA, McKenzie M, McLeod RS, et al. A qualitative study to understand the barriers and enablers in implementing an enhanced recovery after surgery program. Ann Surg 2015; 261: 92-6.
74. Senagore AJ, Whalley D, Delaney CP, Mekhail N, Duepree HJ, Fazio VW. Epidural anesthesia-analgesia shortens length of stay after laparoscopic segmental colectomy for benign pathology. Surgery 2001; 129: 672-6.
76. Levy BF, Scott MJ, Fawcett WJ, Rockall TA. 23-hour-stay laparoscopic colectomy. Dis Colon Rectum 2009; 52: 1239-43.
78. Wu CL, Benson AR, Hobson DB, Roda CP, Demski R, Galante DJ, et al. Initiating an enhanced recovery pathway program:an anesthesiology department's perspective. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2015; 41: 447-56.
79. Xu W, Daneshmand S, Bazargani ST, Cai J, Miranda G, Schuckman AK, et al. Postoperative pain management after radical cystectomy:comparing traditional versus enhanced recovery protocol pathway. J Urol 2015; 194: 1209-13.
80. Jeong O, Ryu SY, Park YK. Postoperative functional recovery after gastrectomy in patients undergoing enhanced recovery after surgery:a prospective assessment using standard discharge criteria. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95: e3140.
81. Nelson G, Kalogera E, Dowdy SC. Enhanced recovery pathways in gynecologic oncology. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 135: 586-94.
83. Stowers MD, Manuopangai L, Hill AG, Gray JR, Coleman B, Munro JT. Enhanced recovery after surgery in elective hip and knee arthroplasty reduces length of hospital stay. ANZ J Surg 2016; 86: 475-9.
84. Madani A, Fiore JF Jr, Wang Y, Bejjani J, Sivakumaran L, Mata J, et al. An enhanced recovery pathway reduces duration of stay and complications after open pulmonary lobectomy. Surgery 2015; 158: 899-908.
85. Porteous GH, Neal JM, Slee A, Schmidt H, Low DE. A standardized anesthetic and surgical clinical pathway for esophageal resection:impact on length of stay and major outcomes. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2015; 40: 139-49.
86. Miller HD. From volume to value:better ways to pay for health care. Health Aff (Millwood) 2009; 28: 1418-28.